اإلغراق و حتدياته يف نطاق منظمة التجارة العاملية " مناذج لسلع زراعية خمتارة "

اإلغراق و حتدياته يف نطاق منظمة التجارة العاملية " مناذج لسلع زراعية خمتارة " المستخلص Anti-Dumping Dumping and Its Challenges in Extent of World Trade Organization "Models for selected Agricultural Goods" Abstract : The subject of dumping is considering today one of the subjects in which form an obstruction arise in front of the cycle of growth for some countries, such as the study of dumping is capturing a large attention by the competent because either a big role and effect in growing the economies of nations then the subject of dumping became a field turn around its sides many measures and laws and may be done resorting to by many states of the world to anti-dumping as approach of determent weapon delimit the impact of dumping and gives the national agriculture sector the opportunity for rising and growing so this section of international economics is capturing a special importance and represent in same time an important issue sponsored it the world trade organization on the international level and specialized commissions and organizations on the local level. Keywords: Dumping, Kinds of dumping, Effects of dumping policy, Like product, Normal value, Dumping margin, Injury, Export price. العلوم جملة االقتصادية واإلدارية 8 اجمللد 66 العدد 882-80 الصفحات

20 66 88 wto GATT wto 2 wto 2 wto wto

20 66 88 WTO wto DUMPING (Concept and Nature) Paul A. Krugman) Price discrimination) Krugman) Dumping) Phenomenon) Krugman) (Robert J. Carbaugh) 4 (Appleyard, Field, cobb)

2 66 88 (THOMAS A.PAUGEL) 5 (WILLIAM LOEHR) 6 7 2

22 66 88 P MC Pd Pf DF = MRF MRd Dd Qd Qm Q Source : Krugman, Paul obstfeld, Maurice, International Economics, sixth Edition, Addison Wesley, USA,,.

2 66 88 MC 2 MERCEDES MERCEDES VOLVO Reverse Dumping 2 KINDS OF DUMPING) Predatory Dumping : (Cyclical Dumping AC.2.2

24 66 88 seasonal dumping persistent dumping P P 60 25 MC =AC =8 8 MC = AC 8 8 MR D MR D 0 00 Q 50 Q 6 Source : Pugel, Thomas, International Economics, Thirteenth Edition, New York University MC Graw Hill Irwin, USA, 2007, P2.

25 66 88 Diversionary input dumping 22 2 4 5

26 66 88 EFFECTS OF DUMPING POLICY MERIT WTO GATT Like Product. wto Normal Value 2 WTO

27 66 88 Margin of Dumping

28 66 88 Injury Export Price. GATT GATT Anti-dumping Agreement GATT GATT.

2 66 88 Anti-Dumping Agreement (ADA)..

220 66 88 2 Rice / The Mexican Rice CMA Council The Secretariat of Commerce and Industrial Development SECOFI SECOFI The Rice SECOFI SECOFI SECOFI SECOFI Riceland Food Producers Rice The Rice Company Farmers Rice Milling Company Company Secretariat of The Economy SE 2 SE SE.2

22 66 88 0.0 0.0. 0.8 Farmers Rice Milling Company Riceland Foods, Inc. The Rice Company Source : Reynolds, Kara M & Su, Yan, Dumping on Agriculture : Case Studies in Antidumping, American University, October 24, 2005, p27. SE SE

222 66 88 Farmers Rice Milling and Riceland Foods, Inc. 2 Poultry / The Board on Tariffs and Trade BTT WTO Kosher Kosher International Trade Commission ITC

22 66 88 Apple / DOC International Trade Commission ITC Department of Commerce

224 66 88 wto Database wto

225 66 88 () Krugman, Paul obstfeld, Maurice, International Economics, sixth Edition, Addison Wesley, USA, 2006,. (2) Ibid, p. () Carbaugh, Robert, International Economics, seventh Edition, south western college publishing is an itp company, 2000, USA, P75. (4) Appleyard & Others, International Economics, Sixth Edition, Mc Graw Hill Irwin, New York, USA, 2008, P 2. (5) Pugel, Thomas, International Economics, Thirteenth Edition, New York University MC Graw Hill Irwin, USA, 2007, P20. (6) Loehr, William, Dumping and Anti Dumping Policy With Applications in Lithuania, 7, P. (8) krugman, Paul obstfeld, Maurice, International Economics, Op.Cit,P42. () krugman, Paul obstfeld, Maurice, International Economics,, Second Edition, Harper Collins Publishers, p45. (0) Pugel, Thomas, International Economics, Op.Cit, P20. 82 85 67 66 25 86 2

226 66 88 (5) Loehr, William, Dumping and Anti Dumping Policy With Applications in Lithuania, 7, P. (6) Aggrawal, Aradhna, The WTO Anti-dumping Code : Issues for Review in Post-Doha Negotiations, ICRIER, SEPTEMBER, 2004, PP -2. (7) Anti-Dumping a guide, Directorate General of Anti-Dumping & Allied Duties, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India, p. (8) Michael Knetter & Prusa Thomas, Macroeconomic Factors and Anti- Dumping Filings : Evidences from Four Countries, NBER Working Paper Series, Cambridge M.A. Quoting T P Bhat, Spred of Anti-Dumping, Containment and Reform, Foreign Trade Review, 2004, p4. () Chad P.Brown, Anti-Dumping against The Backdrop of Disputes in the GATT\WTO System, mimeo. Quoting T P Bhat, Spred of Anti-Dumping, Containment and Reform, Foreign Trade Review, 2004, p5. (20) Lindsey, Brink & Ikenson, Dan, Reforming the Antidumping Agreement : A Road Map for WTO Negotiations Cato Institute, Trade Policy Analysis No.2. Quoting T P Bhat, Spred of Anti-Dumping, Containment and Reform, Foreign Trade Review, 2004, p5. (2) Aggrawal, Aradhna, The WTO Anti-dumping Code : Issues for Review in Post-Doha Negotiations, Op.Cit, P (22) United nations Conference on Trade and Development, " Dispute Settlement ", World Trade Organization.6 Anti-dumping Measures, United Nations, New york and Geneva, 200, p8. (2) United nations Conference on Trade and Development, " Training Module on The WTO Agreement on Anti-Dumping ", United Nations, New york and Geneva, 2006, p. (24) Ibid, p4. (25) Professor Robert Howse & EDWIN VERMULST, " The WTO Anti- Dumping Agreement", OXFORD COMMENTARIES ON INTERNATIONAL LAW, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. (26) ARADHNA AGGARWAL, ANTI DUMPING LAW AND PRACTICE: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE, WORKING PAPER NO. 85, INDIAN COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS, APRIL, 2002, pp -4. (27) Ibid, pp - 62.

227 66 88 (28) Reynolds, Kara M & Su, Yan, Dumping on Agriculture : Case Studies in Antidumping, Op.Cit, pp2-28. Depends on all The Following References : () Rice Milling. Encyclopedia of American Industries. Online Edition. Gale, 2004. Reproduced in Business and Company Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group, 2005. (2) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Characteristics and Production Costs of U.S. Rice Farms, Statistical Bulletin No. 74-7, March 2004. () U.S. Trade Representative, Mexico Definitive Antidumping Measures on Beef and Rice, First Submission of the United States, WT/DS25, March 22, 2004. (2) Reynolds, Kara M & Su, Yan, Dumping on Agriculture : Case Studies in Antidumping, American University, October 24, 2005. Depends on all The Following References : () Perry, Janet, David Banker, and Robert Green, Broiler Farms Organization, Management and Performance, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Publication AIB-748, March. (2) Poultry Slaughtering and Processing. Encyclopedia of American Industries. Online Edition. Gale, 2004. Reproduced in Business and Company Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group. 2005. () South Africa Board on Tariffs and Trade, Alleged dumping of the meat of fowls originating in the United States, Final Determination, Publication No. 4088, December, 2000. (4) U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Notice of Initiation of Antidumping Investigation: Ready-to-Cook Kosher Chicken and Parts Thereof from Canada, Federal Register 68, pp. 75486, December, 200. (5) U.S. International Trade Commission, Kosher Chicken from Canada Preliminary, Investigation No. 7-TA-062, Publication No. 66, January 2004. (0) Reynolds, Kara M & Su, Yan, Dumping on Agriculture : Case Studies in Antidumping, Op.Cit, pp5-5. Depends on all The Following References : () U.S. Apples Are Not So Red Delicious (8). Trade Environment Database, January 8. Retrieved August 25, 2005 from http://www.american.edu/ted/applemex.htm. (2) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service (2005). Fruit and Tree Nuts Outlook, FTS-5, March, 2005. () U.S. International Trade Commission (7), Certain Non-Frozen Concentrated Apple Juice from China (Final), Investigation No. 7-TA- 84, Publication #0.